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Hazardous materials, as classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Transport of hazardous materials is strictly regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation.

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A dangerous good is any solid, liquid, or gas that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment. An equivalent term, used almost exclusively in the United States, is hazardous material (hazmat). Dangerous goods may be radioactive, flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, biohazardous, an oxidizer, an asphyxiant, a pathogen, an allergen, or may have other characteristics that render it hazardous in specific circumstances.

The United States Department of Transportation (DOT) regulates hazmat transportation within the territory of the US.

• 1.1 — Explosives with a mass explosion hazard. (nitroglycerin/dynamite)
• 1.2 — Explosives with a blast/projection hazard.
• 1.3 — Explosives with a minor blast hazard. (rocket propellant, display fireworks)
• 1.4 — Explosives with a major fire hazard. (consumer fireworks, ammunition)
• 1.5 — Blasting agents.
• 1.6 — Extremely insensitive explosives.

Gases which are compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure as detailed below. Some gases have subsidiary risk classes; poisonous or corrosive.

• 2.1 Flammable Gas: Gases which ignite on contact with an ignition source, such as acetylene and hydrogen.
• 2.2 Non-Flammable Gases: Gases which are neither flammable nor poisonous. Includes the cryogenic gases/liquids (temperatures of below -100°C) used for cryopreservation and rocket fuels, such as nitrogen and neon.
• 2.3 Poisonous Gases: Gases liable to cause death or serious injury to human health if inhaled; examples are fluorine, chlorine, and hydrogen cyanide.

Flammable liquids included in Class 3 are included in one of the following packing groups:

• Packing Group I, if they have an initial boiling point of 35°C or less at an absolute pressure of 101.3 kPa and any flash point, such as diethyl ether or carbon disulfide;
• Packing Group II, if they have an initial boiling point greater than 35°C at an absolute pressure of 101.3 kPa and a flash point less than 23°C, such as gasoline (petrol) and acetone; or
• Packing Group III, if the criteria for inclusion in Packing Group I or II are not met, such as kerosene and diesel.

• 4.1 Flammable Solids: Solid substances that are easily ignited and readily combustible (nitrocellulose, magnesium, safety or strike-anywhere matches).
• 4.2 Spontaneously Combustible: Solid substances that ignite spontaneously (aluminium alkyls, white phosphorus).
• 4.3 Dangerous when Wet: Solid substances that emit a flammable gas when wet or react violently with water (sodium, calcium, potassium, calcium carbide).

• 5.1 Oxidizing agents other than organic peroxides (calcium hypochlorite, ammonium nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate).
• 5.2 Organic peroxides, either in liquid or solid form (benzoyl peroxides, cumene hydroperoxide).

• 6.1a Toxic substances which are liable to cause death or serious injury to human health if inhaled, swallowed or by skin absorption (potassium cyanide, mercuric chloride).
• 6.1b (Now PGIII) Toxic substances which are harmful to human health (N.B this symbol is no longer authorized by the United Nations) (pesticides, methylene chloride).
• 6.2 Biohazardous substances; the World Health Organization (WHO) divides this class into two categories: Category A: Infectious; and Category B: Samples (virus cultures, pathology specimens, used intravenous needles).

• Class 7: Radioactive Substances
  Radioactive substances comprise substances or a combination of substances which emit ionizing radiation (uranium, plutonium).
• Class 8: Corrosive Substances
  Corrosive substances are substances that can dissolve organic tissue or severely corrode certain metals:
  
  • 8.1 Acids: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid
  • 8.2 Alkalis: potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide
• Class 9: Miscellaneous
  Hazardous substances that do not fall into the other categories (asbestos, air-bag inflators, self inflating life rafts, dry ice).

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